Izindaba zezinhloli zibonakala sengathi zivela enganekwaneni yesayensi, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi azinjalo. Ubufakazi obuhle balokhu ukumangalelwa ukuhlola ku-WhatsApp uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo olusanda kulwenza.
Ngokusho kweThe Guardian, kuze kube Abantu abangu-90 bahlolwe nge-software yakwa-Israel ephethwe yiParagon Solutions. Ngaphandle kwesikhalo esifakwe yisona sicelo uqobo, abathintekayo abakafuni ukunikeza imininingwane ngokwenzekile.
Kwenzekeni kuWhatsApp ukuhlola?
Uhlelo lokusebenza olusetshenziswa kakhulu lokuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo emhlabeni lubike ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule umkhankaso wobunhloli be-inthanethi obhekiswe kubasebenzisi abangama-90. Yize kungadalulwanga ukuthi ngobani abashonile kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi bangobani izintatheli kanye namalungu ezinhlangano zomphakathi ezivela emazweni angaphezu kwamashumi amabili.
Okuvelile wukuthi kwasetshenziswa isoftware yenkampani yakwa-Israel ukwenza lobu buhlakani. Paragon Solutions.
I-Paragon isebenzise i-vector ukuze ifinyelele inethiwekhi ngokungemthetho. Kukholakala ukuthi i-PDF enonya ethunyelwe eqenjini lezingxoxo kungenzeka isetshenziswe ukuhlasela. Yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi «zero click technique», ngoba umuntu othintekayo akadingi ukuchofoza kunoma yisiphi isixhumanisi ukuze ifoni yakhe itheleleke. Nokho akwaziwa ukuthi ngubani okungenzeka ukuthi uyalele ukuhlaselwa.
I-WhatsApp ithumele incwadi enkampanini eyakha isoftware engundabuzekwayo ifuna ukuthi iyeke imisebenzi yayo. Iphinde yazisa abathintekayo ngalesi simo futhi ibathumelele imininingwane yokuthi bangazivikela kanjani kuma-spyware.
Yize kungaziwa ukuthi izingcingo zabantu abathintekayo beziculwa isikhathi esingakanani, uWhatsApp ukuqinisekisile ukuthi ama-hacks asusiwe ngoDisemba odlule.
Iyini iParagon Solutions?
Le nkampani yezobuchwepheshe yakwa-Israel ithuthukisa futhi idayise isofthiwe yezinhlangano zezobunhloli ezisebenza ngaphansi kokuvikelwa komthetho. Inhloso yawo wukubasiza ukuthi baqoqe futhi bahlaziye imininingwane emithonjeni ehlukene efana nezinkundla zokuxhumana.
Iziveza njengenkampani ehlinzeka ngamathuluzi okuziphatha futhi ithi iwadayisela kuphela ohulumeni basemazweni entando yeningi azinzile. Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi buphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi yephule inqubomgomo yayo futhi ayiphumeleli ekusebenzeni kwayo njengoba izenzisa.
Yasungulwa ngowayenguNdunankulu wakwa-Israel u-Ehud BarakEzinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula, inkampani le ibiphenywa kweleMelika ngemva kokumenyezelwa ukuthi isisayine isivumelwano samadola ayizigidi ezimbili leHomeland Security Investigations Division of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement Service.
Kwa-Israel, le nkampani iphinde yalandelwa kakhulu ngabezindaba, kulandela izindaba zokuthi isidayiselwe inkampani ezimele yaseMelika i-AE Industrial Partners ngamadola ayizigidi ezingu-900.
Ukuhlola i-WhatsApp kuyanda
Sonke sinayo i-WhatsApp njengethuluzi elivikeleke ngokufanele, sibonga, ingxenye enkulu, ezindabeni ezifana nalezi ukubethela kokuphela kokuphela. Nokho, akuhambi ngokunganakwa yiqiniso lokuthi lolu hlelo lokusebenza futhi indawo yokungena ye-malware ne-spyware.
Nsuku zonke sithola izithombe, amavidiyo namadokhumenti esiwalanda kalula. Kodwa eminye yale miyalezo ayihlosile ngendlela esivame ukukholelwa ngayo.
Endabeni yezakhamizi ezizimele, isofthiwe enonya esifinyelela kithi ngalolu hlelo lokusebenza ihloselwe ukuthola idatha yethu futhi intshontshe imali yethu. Kodwa isimo siba sibi nakakhulu lapho izisulu kungosopolitiki, osomabhizinisi noma abanye abantu abahlobene nomphakathi, ngoba kulezi zimo okufunwayo wukuhlola nokuthola ulwazi olungasetshenziswa ukulimaza umphakathi.
Eminyakeni yamuva sibone izimo eziningana ezinjalo:
Iqembu le-NSO
Ngo-2019, kwavela ukuthi inkampani yakwa-Israel i-NSO Group yayenze inhloli enamandla ebizwa ngokuthi I-Pegasus, ekwazi ukungena ngomakhalekhukhwini futhi ikhiphe inani elikhulu lolwazi lomuntu siqu kubasebenzisi bayo.
Kuyi-malware eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi enzima ukuthola ukuthi, uma isifakiwe kuselula, ivumela ukufinyelela kumilayezo, amakholi, ama-imeyili, abathintwayo, izithombe, amavidiyo kanye neminye imininingwane egcinwe kudivayisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyakwazi vula ikhamera yedivayisi nemakrofoni ukuze inhlolile umsebenzisi ngesikhathi sangempela.
I-Pegasus yaziwa ukuthi ibisetshenziselwa ukuhlola izintatheli, izishoshovu zamalungelo abantu, abaphikisana nezombusazwe kanye nabanye abantu ababhekwa "njengosongo" yilabo abathole isofthiwe.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuye kwatholwa eMexico, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, India, Morocco, Hungary kanye naseSpain. Ngo-2021, kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi ibikade isetshenziselwe ukuhlola abaholi bomhlaba abaningi, okubandakanya uMongameli waseFrance u-Emmanuel Macron kanye noNdunankulu waseSpain uPedro Sánchez.
I-WhatsApp ngokwayo yamangalela i-NSO Group ngo-2019 ngokuhlola abasebenzisi bayo, futhi kusukela lapho impikiswano ikhulile. isidingo samazwe ngamazwe sokulawulwa okungcono kwe-spyware.
Ochwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuthi amathuluzi okuqapha anjalo angasetshenziswa ukukhawulela inkululeko yokukhuluma, ukushushisa abaphikisi bezombangazwe kanye nokwephula izimfihlo zabantu.
Konke lokhu kuphakamise imibuzo ebucayi mayelana nezimiso zokuziphatha zezinkampani ezithuthukisa futhi zidayise lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe.
UCandiru
I-Candiru isofthiwe ye-spyware eyakhiwe inkampani yakwa-Israel enegama elifanayo. Ngo-2021 kwabikwa ukuthi yayijwayele ukuhlola izintatheli, osopolitiki kanye nezishoshovu, phakathi kwabanye.
Njengasendabeni ye-Pegasus noma i-malware esanda kubikwa yi-WhatsApp, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kutholakale emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni jikelele futhi kunobufakazi bokuthi ifinyelele okuqukethwe kwazo zonke izinhlobo kumaselula namakhompyutha athintekile.
Ukuhlola i-WhatsApp kuyinkinga ekhathazayo futhi, nakuba inkampani inganikezanga ulwazi oluningi mayelana nokwenzekile kulo mcimbi, kulindeleke ukuthi emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ezizayo kube nombiko onemininingwane eyengeziwe.