Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye ezimbalwa esizithola kwamanye amasistimu wokusebenza, enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ezinikezayo Android ukuthi iyisistimu yekhodi 'kuvuliwe'. Ifanisa nanoma iyiphi enye idivayisi -ngisho nalezo zedeskithophu- engxenyeni eyinhloko, okuyi- i-bootloader. Ukuhunyushwa kwayo ngesiSpanishi ngempela, i-bootloader. Futhi umsebenzi wayo uwukwenza kahle imisebenzi ebalulekile ye- ibhuthini yedivayisi, nangaphambi kokuba uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android lwe-smartphone yethu luqale ukusebenza.
Iyini i-bootloader kuselula ye-Android?
El i-bootloader, noma i-bootloader, iwucezu olubalulekile lwesofthiwe kunoma iyiphi idivayisi. Lokhu kuqala ngaphambi kokulayisha uhlelo lokusebenza, lapho lisebenzisa uchungechunge lwe ubufakazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwezempilo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi yonke into isebenza kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yiyona eqala imiyalelo yokuqalisa ngokwayo ngaphambi kokwethula amanye ama-oda. Empeleni, okokuqala ihlola isimo sedivayisi futhi, okwesibili, isebenza njengesiqondiso phonsa izenzo ezidingekayo ukuze idivayisi iqalise ngendlela efanele.
Njengalapho uqala idivayisi ucindezela inkinobho yokuvula noma yokuvala, i-bootloader inesibopho sokwethula uhlelo lokusebenza. Isikrini sokuqala 'sokwamukela', lapho singabona khona umenzi nemodeli yedivayisi yethu, yethulwa yiso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlolwa kobuqotho kwe-boot kanye nokuhlukaniswa kokubuyisela kuyindaba yale software. Kanjalo kuqhuba i-kernel futhi vele kuqaliswe uhlelo lokusebenza.
Kuyini ukusetshenziswa kokuvula i-bootloader ku-Android?
El i-bootloader yedivayisi, ngokuzenzakalelayo, ilungiselelwe ukuthi ilayishe kuphela amafayela esistimu ngendlela ethile futhi ivimbele ukwenziwa kwamafayela okuqalisa ezinkampani zangaphandle. I ukuvula i-bootloader kusivumela ngokunembile lokhu, siguqule indlela yokwenza kokuqala futhi sibavumele ukuthi balayishe amafayela aguquliwe yohlelo. Kodwa kuchazwe ngamagama alula, yini ezosivumela faka ukutakula ngokwezifiso, okuyimenyu yokutakula ngokwezifiso, noma a i-ROM yangokwezifiso.
Un ukutakula ngokweziko yiyona evumela i ukubenyezela amafayela kusitoreji sesistimu. Ngisho nokuguqulwa kwe i-kernel. Futhi eyodwa i-ROM yangokwezifiso kuyinto nje i-firmware ilungiswe ngokusekelwe enguqulweni ethile yesistimu yokusebenza ye-Android.
Lokhu kungaba usizo kakhulu kumadivayisi brand ezifana Huawei, njengoba lezi zingabandakanyi amasevisi noma i-Google Play Isitolo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngokwenza lokhu, singakwazi ukunika amandla isitolo ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza nemidlalo esinikezayo, nakuba uhlobo lwesiShayina lungahleli ukuvula i-Bootloader. Enye indlela ingatholakala ekufakweni kwe Ama-ROM ezinkampani zangaphandle, okuyizinye izinguqulo ezingakathuthukiswa i-Google noma imikhiqizo yamadivayisi. Isibonelo, lawo maselula angakwazi ukubuyekeza isistimu yawo yokusebenza ngesinqumo somkhiqizi azoba nalokhu kungenzeka, akwazi ukufaka izinguqulo zakamuva.
Izinzuzo ezinikezwa yi-Bootloader ziningi: kusukela ekufakeni i-a ukubuyekeza kwe-android engekho emthethweni, kuze kube yilapho ufaka inguqulo ye-firmware eguquliwe ukuze ube ne ukwenza ngokwezifiso okuqhubekayo yedivayisi ezingeni lesofthiwe futhi sishintshe ukubukeka ngendlela esiyithandayo. Ngisho nokuguqula ukuziphatha kwe- hardware ngamashayeli abuyekeziwe, noma alungiselelwe izinkampani zangaphandle. Noma kunjalo, vula i-bootloader Iphinde ihlanganise nezingozi ezibalulekile mayelana nokuvikeleka kwedivayisi yethu, njengoba uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lungaba namandla 'okuhlasela' amakhulu ngaphakathi kwenkumbulo yawo.
Ungayivula kanjani i-bootloader kuselula ye-Android
Ngaphandle kwalo lonke lolu lwazi esiluphakamisile mayelana nokwenzeka kokuvula i-bootloader nezinketho ezinikezayo kudivayisi yethu, kufanele sicabangele izici ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo. Futhi kungukuthi lapho kwenziwa inqubo yokuvula, lokhu kungase kuhluke kuye ngohlobo lwetheminali, imodeli, isendlalelo sokwenza ngokwezifiso kanye nephrosesa ekhwezwayo, ngakho-ke kufanele siqiniseke ngakho konke. Ngokucabangela konke lokhu, manje singaqhubeka nokuvula i-bootloader kudivayisi. Kulokhu, futhi ngokwemibandela ejwayelekile, izinyathelo okufanele zilandelwe yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Kuselula yakho, hamba kuzilungiselelo zesistimu bese ubheka isigaba "Imininingwane Yedivayisi".
- Uma usufikile, chofoza izikhathi ezimbalwa esigabeni "Yakha inombolo" kuze kuvele umyalo othi uyivulile izinketho zentuthuko.
- Buyela emuva esikrinini sangaphambilini, futhi manje finyelela imenyu Yezinketho Zonjiniyela / Izinketho Zonjiniyela.
- Bese thola futhi wenze inketho isebenze "OEM Ukuvula".
- Manje sesha futhi wenze inketho isebenze "Ukulungisa iphutha le-USB".
- Uma usukwenzile lokhu, xhuma idivayisi kukhompyutha ngekhebula le-USB, bese uvula iwindi lomyalo –ADB noma Terminal, kuye nge-OS oyisebenzisayo–.
- Ukuhlola ukuthi abashayeli be-ADB bafakwe ngendlela efanele yini, nokuthi idivayisi itholwe ngendlela efanele, faka umyalo amadivaysi adb. Uma idivayisi itholiwe, isihlonzi sayo sizovela efasiteleni lomyalo.
- Ukuze uqalise kabusha ifoni kumodi ye-bootloader, sebenzisa umyalo I-adb yokuqalisa kabusha i-bootloader.
- Ekugcineni, ukuze uvule i-bootloader, sebenzisa umyalo ukuvula i-fastboot oem.
Kuthiwani uma ngine-bootloader evuliwe noma engakhiyiwe?
Iphuzu lokuqala okufanele licatshangelwe uma i-bootloader ishintshiwe ukuthi, ngaphandle kwezimo ezimbalwa, iwaranti yedivayisi ilahleka ngokushesha, njengoba lokhu kuwukuguqulwa okujulile kusofthiwe futhi akugunyaziwe amabhrendi. Eqinisweni, amanye amatheminali anezindlela zokuphepha ukuze, noma sivala i-bootloader futhi, irekhodi lihlala liwukuthi lavulwa ngaphambilini, futhi ngale datha kungaba kuhle ukunganikezi isiqinisekiso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho sivula i-bootloader, iselula ifomethwe ngokuphelelenjengoba kwenziwa izinguquko ezibalulekile endleleni idivayisi ephatha ngayo ukuqala. Ngamafuphi, uma sifuna ukwenza ngokwezifiso idivayisi yethu ngokugcwele, ukuvula i-bootloader kuyindlela enhle. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma sifuna ukusebenzisa isofthiwe yasekuqaleni futhi singathathi izingozi, kungcono ukuyishiya ivaliwe.