Ukukhetha i-smartphone namuhla akukhona nje iprosesa, ikhamera, noma ibhethriIzinto ezikulesi sivalo nazo zithinta kakhulu ulwazi. Ifoni yakho inawe usuku lonke, ihlala isesandleni sakho, ephaketheni lakho, noma etafuleni, futhi igcina isiyingxenye yesitayela sakho. Yingakho abakhiqizi beqale uhlobo lomncintiswano wokunikeza amafoni amahle kakhulu, aqinile anomphetho oveza lowo "mkhathi" ozwakala ukhangiswa kakhulu. Ake sixoxe nge-aluminium vs. titanium vs. polymer vs. ingilazi efonini yakho.
Ngemuva kwalokho kukhanya kwengilazi, ukuthinta okubandayo kwensimbi, noma ukubamba kwepulasitiki, kunesayensi yezinto eziningi.Ubuningi, ubulukhuni, ukushabalalisa ukushisa, ukuphazamiseka kwe-antenna, ukulula kokukhiqiza… kanye, vele, intengo. Sizohlaziya ngokuphelele izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwe-aluminium, i-titanium, ama-polymer (ipulasitiki/i-polycarbonate), kanye nengilazi njengezinto zokubopha, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa nge-ceramic nensimbi engagqwali, nazo ezinendawo yazo ebangeni eliphezulu.
Kungani izinto zokubopha zibaluleke ngempela
Ngaphandle kobuhle, izinto zomzimba wocingo zithinta cishe yonke into.Ukuqina, isisindo, ukukhiqizwa kokushisa, ikhwalithi yokuxhumana okungenantambo, ngisho nentengo yokugcina yedivayisi konke kudlala indima. Ihadiwe efanayo izwakala ihlukile kuye ngokuthi imbozwe ngepulasitiki, i-aluminium, i-titanium, noma ingilazi.
Ubuhle kanye nokuzizwa kwangaphakathi kubalulekile kubantu abaningiInsimbi nengilazi kuhlotshaniswa namafoni aphathwayo asezingeni eliphezulu ngoba ngokomlando bekugcinelwe lawo mamodeli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ipulasitiki isixhunywe emcabangweni ohlangene namafoni aphathwayo ashibhile, yize iqiniso licacile kakhulu.
Umklamo wensimbi noma ingilazi ohlanganisiwe ngokuvamile usho ukufinyelela okuncane ngaphakathi (ibhethri elingasuswa, azikho izembozo ezishintshaniswayo) futhi ngokuvamile inikeza ukuvala okungcono emanzini nasothulini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhokisi epulasitiki asuswayo akuvumela ukuthi ushintshe ibhethri, usebenzise amakhadi amabili e-SIM kalula, noma wenze ngezifiso ukubukeka.
Kunesinye isici abaningi abangasinaki: i-physics emsulwa nelulaIzinto ezifana ne-aluminium zikhipha ukushisa kusuka kuprosesa kanye nebhethri kahle kakhulu, kuyilapho i-polycarbonate iyisivikelo sokushisa esibi kakhulu. Futhi naka ama-antenna: izinsimbi zinciphisa kakhulu amasignali omsakazo, kuyilapho ipulasitiki noma ingilazi zivumela ukuthi zidlule cishe ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa.
Ekugcineni, imithetho yezindleko.I-aluminium, i-titanium, i-ceramic, noma insimbi engagqwali kwandisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nezokusebenza; ipulasitiki ivumela amanani angabizi kakhulu kanye nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwezimo, ukuthungwa, nemibala. Ekugcineni, ukukhetha ngakunye kuyinhlanganisela yobunjiniyela, ukumaketha, kanye nesabelomali.
I-Aluminium ne-titanium: izinsimbi eziyinhloko zamafoni aphathwayo
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, i-aluminium ibilokhu iyinkosi ye-chassis eyodwa esezingeni eliphezulu.Imikhiqizo efana ne-Apple yayiyisebenzisa izizukulwane ngezizukulwane (kuze kube yi-iPhone 8 ngo-2017 i-aluminium yayo ibuyile), futhi abakhiqizi abaningi be-Android nabo bayenza yafana ne-"top-of-the-line." Insimbi ibingasetshenziswa kaningi ngenxa yesisindo sayo, futhi i-titanium isanda kungena emakethe njengenketho ye-premium ephezulu.
I-Aluminium iyinsimbi elula (ubuningi ~2,7 g/cm³), kulula ukuyishicilela, futhi iyisiqhubi esihle kakhulu sokushisa.Lokhu kuvumela ukwenziwa kwemizimba emincane eneziphetho ezahlukene (epholishiwe, ebhulashiwe, efakwe i-anodized ngemibala eyahlukahlukene) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo sonke njengesinki sokushisa sangaphakathi sefoni. Iphinde imelane nokugqwala kwansuku zonke.
I-Titanium isesimweni esihlukile uma kukhulunywa ngokumelana nomshini.Ama-alloy afana ne-Ti-6Al-4V anamandla okuthamba acishe abe yi-900 MPa (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-500-600 MPa yama-alloy e-aluminium angu-7000 angcono kakhulu) kanye ne-modulus enwebeka kakhulu, okwenza aqine futhi angagobeki kalula. Kodwa-ke, aminyene kakhulu (~4,5 g/cm³), ayabiza, futhi adinga kakhulu umshini.
Esandleni, umuzwa ovezwa yilezi zinsimbi uyaziswa kakhulu.Ukuthinta okupholile, isakhiwo esiqinile nesiklwebhayo, kanye nombono ozimele wekhwalithi ephezulu. Yingakho insimbi kanye "ne-premium" sekuyinto efanayo ezingqondweni zabasebenzisi abaningi, noma ngabe lokho akulona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Nokho, akuzona zonke izinzuzo.Insimbi isebenza njengesithiyo kumasignali emvamisa yomsakazo (iselula, i-WiFi, i-NFC), iphoqa abakhiqizi ukuthi basebenzise amabhande epulasitiki, ingilazi, noma izindawo ezingezona ezensimbi ukuze kuvunyelwe ama-antenna ukuthi aphefumule. Futhi, vele, ukusebenzisa i-aluminium, insimbi, noma i-titanium kwandisa kakhulu izindleko uma kuqhathaniswa ne-chassis yepulasitiki.
Amapulasitiki nama-polymer: okungaqondakali okukhulu
Ama-smartphone akuqala cishe ayesebenzisa ipulasitiki njalo ukuze afake isikhwama sawo sangaphandle.I-Polycarbonate yaba yinto evelele: ishibhile, ilula, ilula kakhulu ukuguquguquka, futhi inamandla amakhulu okumunca imithelela ngaphandle kokushiya amamaki ajulile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ipulasitiki yancishiswa yaba imikhiqizo ephakathi nendawo kanye nesezingeni eliphansi, yabizwa ngokuthi "ishibhile," yize inezinzuzo eziningi zobuchwepheshe.
Ucingo oluphathekayo lwepulasitiki oluklanywe kahle lungahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke.Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza amamaki ajulile noma ama-dente abonakale njengalawo asensimbini, futhi imithelela eminingi engashiya unqenqema oluyisicaba, olugobile ku-aluminium iholela ekumuncweni kalula komthelela ku-polycarbonate. Vele, uma uwenza ngokweqile, ungaphula ucezu, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukushiya "izibazi" ezinkulu, ezingathandeki.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yepulasitiki ubudlelwano bayo nokuxhumana okungenantamboI-Polycarbonate ayinciphisi amasignali omsakazo, njengoba kuboniswe ezifundweni zokusabalala ngezinto ezahlukene. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukwamukelwa okungcono kwe-4G, 5G, WiFi, noma i-NFC ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwenza kube nzima ukwakheka ngamabhande axubile, amafasitela, noma ozimele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipulasitiki ivula umnyango wemiklamo ewusizo kakhulu: izembozo zangemuva ezisusekayo, amabhethri asusekayo, izikhala ze-SIM ezimbili kanye ne-microSD ezifinyelelekayo ngaphandle kwamathileyi ensimbi, izembozo ezishintshekayo ukuze wenze ifoni ibe ngeyakho ngaphandle kokwengeza inqwaba ngamakesi… Into abasebenzisi abaningi abathuthukile abayazisayo, yize imakethe ibilokhu iphokophela ekwakhiweni okuvaliwe.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-polycarbonate ivame ukuguga kabi ngokwesimo sayo.Ingalahlekelwa ukuthungwa, ukukhanya, noma umbala ngokungqubuzana nokukhanya kwelanga, isengozini enkulu yokushintsha umbala, futhi iveza umuzwa "ongabalulekile" wokubona nowokuthinta kunensimbi noma ingilazi, ikakhulukazi uma ukuqeda kungacwengisiswanga kahle.
I-Crystal: ubuhle, ukushaja okungenantambo kanye nobuthakathaka
I-Glass isibe ngomunye umlingiswa oyinhloko wohlu oluphezulu.Ngobuchwepheshe, azikho izingcingo "ezisebenzisa ingilazi yonke": ingilazi ihlala ihlanganiswa ne-chassis yensimbi yangaphakathi kanye namaphaneli amabili engilazi (ngaphambili nangemuva). Kusukela ku-iPhone 4/4S yensimbi nengilazi edumile kuya kumamodeli amanje e-aluminium nengilazi, lokhu kuqeda sekufana nomklamo wesimanje noyinkimbinkimbi.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo zayo, ikristalu inikeza ukubukeka okukhangayo kakhulu kanye nomuzwa ocwengekile kakhulu esandleni.Ukukhanya, ukushintsha kombala, ukuqedwa okucwebezelayo noma okucwebezelayo, ama-gradients… lokhu kunikeza abakhiqizi inkululeko enkulu yokudala uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlukanisa amamodeli ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu akusebenzi njengesithiyo kumasignali omsakazo, okuvumela amasignali e-RF adingekayo ekuxhumekeni okungenantambo kanye nokushaja ukuthi kudlule ngaphandle kwenkinga.
Enye yamandla ayo ukumelana nokuklwebheka, ikakhulukazi engilazini eqinile njengeGorilla Glass noma iDragontrail.Uma kuqhathaniswa nepulasitiki, ingilazi ibekezelela kangcono imihuzuko emincane yansuku zonke evela ezikhiyeni, ezinhlamvini zemali, noma ezindaweni ezimahhadlahhadla, futhi ingamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphandle kokuthinteka.
Kodwa-ke, inkinga enkulu yengilazi ukuthi ibuthakathaka uma iwa.Umthelela omubi ungabangela ukuphahlazeka kwengxenye yangemuva, ngisho noma kunesivikelo esithuthukisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungisa noma ukushintsha iphaneli yengilazi kubiza kakhulu kunokushintsha isembozo sepulasitiki, futhi kuvame ukuhilela izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuyihlukanisa.
Kukhona enye imininingwane ecasulayo: izigxivizo zeminwe kanye nokubambaIngilazi ecwebezelayo iyisithako sangempela seminwe nokungcola, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufakwa ungqimba olune-oleophobic kangakanani. Futhi ubuso bayo obubushelelezi, obucwebezelayo buyenza ibe ngenye yezinto ezishelelayo kakhulu; abasebenzisi abaningi bagcina besebenzisa amakesi e-silicone ukuze bagweme umuzwa oqhubekayo wokuthi ifoni yabo isizophuma ezandleni zabo.
Izinto zobumba, insimbi nezinye izinto “eziphambili”
Ekufuneni isiphetho esiphelele, ezinye izinto zingene endaweni yesehlakalo., ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni eziphakeme kanye nasezinhlelweni ezikhethekile: i-ceramic, insimbi engagqwali, i-titanium, i-carbon fiber noma ngisho nokhuni kwezinye izinhlobo ze-niche.
I-Ceramic ingenye yezinto ezikhetheke kakhulu ezibonakala kuma-smartphone.Izinkampani ezifana ne-Xiaomi ne-Samsung ziyisebenzise kwezinye izinhlobo zekhwalithi ephezulu. Inzima kunengilazi uma ikhubeka, imnandi kakhulu uma uyithinta, futhi ibukeka kahle kakhulu. Futhi, njengengilazi, ayiphazamisi izimpawu zomsakazo.
Inkinga ngezinto zobumba ikabili: intengo kanye nobuthakathaka bemiphumelaKunzima kakhulu ukuyibumba nokuyicubungula, kudinga imishini ekhethekile, futhi kwandisa kakhulu izindleko zedivayisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyinto eqinile futhi engaguquki engakwazi ukumelana kahle nemithelela enamandla: ukuwa okubi kungabangela ukuphuka okubi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuwa kwezinga eliphansi.
Insimbi engagqwali cishe ihlale igcinelwe ozimele bangaphandle bamafoni aphathwayo asezingeni eliphezuluImelana kakhulu nokugqwala, iqine kakhulu ekushayweni, futhi iveza umuzwa wokuqina okumangalisayo, kodwa inzima kakhulu kune-aluminium. I-Apple, isibonelo, iyisebenzise ezinhlangothini zama-iPhone ahlukahlukene e-Pro-range.
I-carbon fiber kanye ne-Kevlar kuye kwavela kwezinye izinhlobo ezigxile ekukhuthazeleniZiyizinto ezilula kakhulu ezinezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini, futhi zivumela ukuqeda okunezimo ezihlukile. Azivami njengensimbi noma ingilazi, kodwa zibonisa ukuthi kunendawo yezindlela ezahlukene zokwakha.
Ukuphathwa kokushisa nokusebenza: lapho izinto zithonya amandla
Enye yezindawo lapho umehluko phakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo ubonakala kakhulu khona ekuqhutshweni kokushisa.Kalula nje: ukuthi umzimba wocingo ukwazi kahle kangakanani ukukhipha ukushisa nokukusabalalisa ebusweni.
I-aluminium ivelele njengomqhubi omuhle kakhulu wokushisaNgamanani acishe abe ngu-200-235 W/m·K, yonke i-chassis ingasetshenziswa njenge-radiator enkulu engasebenzi. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina amazinga okushisa eprosesa nebhethri elawulwa, kubambezele ukugoba (ukunciphisa ukusebenza ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushisa ngokweqile) ngesikhathi sokudlala kakhulu noma ukulayisha okusheshayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-titanium iqhuba ukushisa okubi kakhulu kune-aluminium.enomoya ohambayo ongaba ngu-20-22 W/m·K. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ukushisa kuvame ukugxila kakhulu ezindaweni zangaphakathi, okuyinto engeyona njalo ekahle ku-smartphone encane kakhulu enezingxenye eziningi ezipakishwe kahle.
Ingilazi iwela endaweni ethile phakathi, ine-conductivity ephansi kodwa ingcono kancane kunepulasitiki.Kungasusa ukushisa okuthile, kodwa kungafinyeleli ndawo eduze kwensimbi. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlanganisa ingilazi ne-chassis yensimbi yangaphakathi kungafinyelela ibhalansi eyamukelekayo.
Ipulasitiki/i-polycarbonate iyona embi kakhulu kulokhuNjengoba inamanani okuqhuba azungeze u-0,2 W/m·K, isebenza cishe njengengubo yokushisa: ukushisa kuhlala ngaphakathi kwedivayisi. Ezinye izihlaziyi zobuchwepheshe zikhombisile ukuthi, ngehadiwe efanayo, ifoni yepulasitiki ivame ukwehlisa imvamisa yayo ye-CPU ne-GPU ngaphezu kweyensimbi noma yengilazi ukuze izivikele ekushiseni ngokweqile.
Ukumelana, ukuguga kanye nokulungiswa
Uma sikhuluma “ngokumelana” kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izinto ezimbili: indlela umzimba wefoni ephathekayo oguga ngayo ngobuhle kanye nendlela ovikela ngayo izingxenye zangaphakathi ekuqhumeni nasekuweni.
I-Polycarbonate iguga kahle uma iqhathaniswa nokubukeka kwayoIngase ilahlekelwe umbala, icwebezele ezindaweni zokungqubuzana, futhi ibonakale iguga ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, imunca kahle kakhulu imiphumela, iguquguquke kancane futhi ibuyele esimweni sayo sokuqala ngaphandle kokushiya uphawu olubonakalayo njalo. Nokho, njengoba ingaqinile kangako, idlulisela amanye amandla omthelela ngaphakathi.
Insimbi imelana kangcono novivinyo lwesikhathi ngokwesakhiwoIqinile kakhulu, ivikela kangcono izingxenye zangaphakathi zefoni, futhi igcina ubuqotho be-chassis ngisho nangemva kokuwa okuqinile. Inkinga ukuthi imihuzuko, ukugoba, kanye nemiphetho ebukhali kubonakala kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuyifihla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usugobile i-aluminium noma insimbi, ukuyibuyisela esimweni sayo sokuqala ngaphandle kokushiya uphawu kuyinselele.
Ingilazi, yona, imelana kakhulu nemihuzuko emincane, kodwa isithende sayo sika-Achilles siyaphuka.Ukuwa kanye okungekuhle kungashiya iphaneli yangemuva iphukile, kudingeke ukuthi ishintshwe ngemali ebizayo. Ngisho noma ingilazi ingaphuki, imifantu emincane noma ama-chip emakhoneni avamile.
Ngokuphathelene nokulungiswa, uma izinto "zibiza kakhulu", zivame ukubiza kakhulu.Ukufaka isembozo sepulasitiki ngokuvamile kulula futhi akubizi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukufaka esikhundleni sengilazi enamathiselwe ngemuva, ucezu lwe-ceramic, noma uhlaka lwensimbi oluhlanganiswe ngokujulile esakhiweni kwandisa kakhulu izindleko kanye nobunzima bokulungiswa.
Isisindo, i-ergonomics kanye nomuzwa esandleni
Isisindo sefoni nendlela ezwakala ngayo esandleni kungenye into lapho izinto ezisetshenziswayo zinethonya elikhulu khona.Uhlaka lwe-aluminiyamu alufani nohlaka lwe-titanium noma lwensimbi, futhi uhlaka lwepulasitiki alufani nolwengilazi eqinisiwe.
I-Aluminium inikeza inhlanganisela enhle yokukhanya namandla.Lokhu kuyisihluthulelo samafoni amakhulu asetshenziswa amahora amaningi. Kuyasiza ekuvimbeleni ukukhathala kwengalo futhi kunikeze umuzwa wekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kokwengeza isisindo esikhulu.
I-titanium nensimbi engagqwali kuveza umuzwa wokuqina okunonya.Kodwa-ke, ziyandisa kakhulu isisindo. Abanye abasebenzisi babona lokhu njengento enhle ("kunzima, ungabona ukuthi kuhle"), kanti abanye bakhetha amafoni alula ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, izingcingo zevidiyo ezinde, noma izikhathi zokubhala ezijulile.
Ipulasitiki isalokhu ingumpetha ekukhanyeni nasekusebenziseni kahle izintoIvumela ukwakheka kwamafoni alula kakhulu anama-curve kanye nokuthungwa okuthuthukisa ukubamba. Futhi, uma ukuqeda kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela, kunganikeza umuzwa omnandi kakhulu, noma ngabe awunawo lowo muzwa wensimbi nengilazi.
Ingilazi, ikakhulukazi ekuqedeni okukhazimulayo, ivame ukungazinzile ngokwe-ergonomic.Iyashelela, iqoqa izigxivizo zeminwe, futhi abasebenzisi abaningi bagcina befaka ifoni yabo ebhokisini… bephika ingxenye enkulu yezinzuzo ezibonakalayo ezazivumela ukusebenzisa leyo nto kwasekuqaleni.
Izindleko, ukusimama kanye nesu lomkhiqizo
Ngokombono womkhiqizo, ukukhetha izinto zokwakha akuyona nje indaba yobunjiniyela.Lokhu kuthinta nokubekwa, ukumaketha, kanye nemingcele. I-Aluminium, ikakhulukazi i-titanium, insimbi, kanye ne-ceramics, kubiza kakhulu njengezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi kubiza kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kanye nomshini. Lokhu kubonakala ngqo entengo yokuthengisa.
I-aluminiyamu inenzuzo yokuba yiningi kakhulu, ishibhile, futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa kabusha.Umthelela wemvelo ngekhilogramu ngayinye esetshenziswa kabusha ungaphansi kwe-titanium, okwenza kube inketho enengqondo ngokubheka ukusimama kwezinto zikagesi zabathengi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-titanium ayitholakali kalula, ibiza kakhulu ukuyikhipha nokuyicubungulaFuthi idinga amandla amaningi kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza. Yingakho ihlala iyinto egcinelwe cishe kuphela izinhlelo ezikhethekile noma amadivayisi abiza kakhulu, njengophawu lwesikhundla kunokuba isetshenziswe kunoma yisiphi isidingo sangempela sobuchwepheshe kuselula.
Ipulasitiki izuza ngokuguquguquka kanye nezindleko.Ivumela ukuqaliswa kwamamodeli asezingeni lokuqala kanye naphakathi anomklamo ocwengekile ngaphandle kokuphakamisa intengo, futhi ingasetshenziswa (futhi empeleni iyasebenza) emakethe ephezulu uma umklamo usezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwayo "neshibhile" kuhlobene kakhulu neminyaka yokumaketha kunezimfanelo zayo zangempela.
Ekugcineni, ingilazi nensimbi sezizenzele inhlanganisela ekhethwayo emakethe ephezulu.Ishasi yensimbi yokuqina nokushisa, ingilazi emuva yobuhle, ukushaja okungenantambo, kanye nomuzwa wekhwalithi ephezulu. Kodwa lokho akwenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo ipulasitiki ibe ukukhetha okubi, ikakhulukazi uma ubeka phambili ukubamba, ukukhululeka, ukuxhumeka, kanye nentengo.
Uma bekufanele ukhethe into eyodwa kuphela, impendulo ibizoncika kakhulu ezintweni eziza kuqala kuwe.Uma ubheka amandla esakhiwo kanye nomuzwa wekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye, ungabheka izinsimbi ezifana ne-aluminium, insimbi, noma i-titanium, noma ngisho ne-ceramic; uma ufuna ibhalansi phakathi komklamo, ukuxhumana, kanye nezici ezifana nokushaja okungenantambo, ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi kuyindlela ephephile; futhi uma okufunayo kungukusebenza, ukubamba okuhle, ukumbozwa okungcono, kanye nentengo engabizi kakhulu, ama-polymer aseyindlela enengqondo ngokuphelele imakethe ngezinye izikhathi eyithatha njengengabalulekile.
